Gas-turbine.



A. T. KASLEY.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1910 1,031,718,, I Patented July 9,1912.

3 snnms-snnm 1.

I I IHU I I U WITNESSES: INVENTOR- HIS ATTORNEY IN FACT.

A. T. KASLEY.

G'AS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1910.

Patented July 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. I

I OMTMAQ ms ATTORNEY IN FACT.

A. T. KASLEY.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1910.

Patented July 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. Q J7 if 3/ E7. 9 BY S X y \L} Q HIS ATTORNEY IN FACT.

UNITED STAEE1ENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER T. KASLEY, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AS- SIGNMENTS, TOTHE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, OF SYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

GAs-rURBrNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 9, 1912.

Application filed September 22, 1910. Serial No. 583,204.

To all whom, it may concern;

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER T. Kas- Lm', a citizen of the Unitedv States, and a resident of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny and State' of Pennsylvania, have made a new and useful Invention in Gaslurbiues, of which the following is a speciticat-ion.

This invention relates to turbines ticularly to gas turbines.

An objcctot' my invention is to produce means for employing the expansive force resulting from the combustion of a combustible or explosive mixture and also for conserving the heat energy evolved by the combustion.

A further object is to produce a. gas turbine, in which means are employed for reducing the temperatures of the gases delivered to the turbine blades or buckets.

A further object is to produce a new and improved valve mechanism for controlling the delivery of gases to the gas turbine.

These and other objects I attain in an apparatus embodying 'the features herein described and illustrated in. the drawings accompanying this application and forming a part thereof.

In the drawing: Figure 1 is a partial section and partial elevation of a more or less diagramlmitic arrangement of apparatus embodying my invention. The section of the gas turbine and delivery or distributing valve is taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 5; Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fi 1 Fig. 3 is a section along the line 33 of Fi 1; Fig. 4 is'a sectional view along the line 44t of Fi 1 lookng in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 5 a sectional view looking in the direction of the arrows on the. broken line 5, 5 of Fig. 1, and discloses a-distribut-ing valve for controlling the delivery of the roducts of combustion to the gas turbine 1 igs, 6, 7 and 8 are elevations of the valve shown in Fi 5 and illustrate the positions of the valve during successive steps inthe cycle of operationof the ap )arat-us; Fig. 9 is a sectional view along the line 9.9 of Fig. 8;

and par? and Fig. 11) is a. diagrammatic sectional view.

and illustrates-a developed section of a valve corresponding to the valve illustrated .in

Fig. 5'.

Referring to the drawings: The-apparatus illustrated as an embodiment of my invention includes four combustion chambers 11, 12, 13 and 14, in which combustible or explosive mixtures, prefcrablyof gas anddir, are successively introduced, compressed and fired. turbine 15 operated by the expansive force of the combustion or the explosions in the combustion chambers, and a steam turbine PITTSBURGH, PENN- The apparatus also includes a gas 16 operated by steam generated by the sensi- 1 I ble heat of the combustion in the combustion chambers and by the sensible heat of .the products of combustion passing to the gas turbine. In addition to this, I have disclosed a valve 17 for controlli'ugthe delivery of the products of combustion from the combustion chambers to the gas turbine, and a valve meehanismforcontrollingthe delivery of combustible mixture or charge to the combustion chambers.

The combustion chambers 11, 12, 13 and let are located in a receptacle 18, which is adapted to be filled with water and commuuicates with steam piping 19, through a port 20, for the purpose of delivering steam to the steam turbine 16. The walls of the combustion chambers are shown formed integrally with the head portionQl of the receptacle 18'and are provided with ports 22 located in the head portion. This construction, however, is merely illustrative, as it may be desirable to form the chambers separately.

The mixture of gas and air is delivered to the combustion chambers through the ports 22 and each port-is controlled by a valve 23.

The. interiors of the combustion chambers 11, 12, 13 and 14 respectively communicate with discharge ports 24, 25, 26" and 27 through tubes 28,-whicl1 extend through the lower portion of-the rece tacle and are secured 1n place in anywel known manner, in the lower-headscf the chambers. The rethe tubes 28 form in effect/a boiler, which converts the sensible heat of theeombustion .ceptacle 18, the combustion chambers and in the combustionchambers, and'thc sensible heat of the ases passing to the gas turbine into flui I source of motive uidfor thetur inc 16.

- .The gas turbine '15 illustrated consists of a. row of blades or buckets 29 mounted on a ressure and rovides a. w

I wheel 30. I

A compressor for the air and gas deliv-v wheel .30 which is mounted on ashaft 31. The products of combustion from the separate combustion chambers are delivered to theblades- 29 by nozzles provided in the valve 17, which, in the apparatus illustrated, forms in effect a casing for the turbine ered to the combustionchamber is shown operated by the shaft 31 of the gas turbine,

and is adapted to slightly compress and dc liver the air and gas to the combustion chambers. The compressor comprises an impeller 33 ,inclosed within a casing 34 and mounted on the shaft '31. The working passages of the impeller are divided'by a diaphragm35 so that the air is compressed on one sideof the impeller and the gas on the other. Air enters the casing 34- through a port 36 which surrounds the shaft 31 and gas enters the ,casing through a flanged port. 37, which may communicate with a suitable R 31 of the gas turbine and the compressor,

and is inclosed within a stationary casing, provided with an admission pbrt commun cating with the piping 19.

. Any t pe of valve mechanism may be employed or delivering the gas and air to the 1 separate drawings, I have illustrated amixing valve f combustion chambers; In the for each combustion chamber, which consists of a cylindrical casing 40,;providedwith gas and air discharge ports 41 and'42,

with ports which register with, and uncover,

and inclosing a rotatableslide 43, which is rotatably mounted on, and surrounds the the corresponding valve 23 and is provided the ports 41 and 42 of the casing 40 when the valve 23 is in the open posltion. An arm 44 is provided on the top cover of each casing 40 and is adapted to be moved to different positions by a speed governor, for the purpose of. rotating the slide 43- and varying the amount of opening of the ports 41- and 42 in accordance with the variation of the speed of the gas turbine15'. The cy lindrical casings 40 of the four mixing valves are shown formed in a single casing, which is provided with separate gas and air delivery passages, which respectlvely coinmunicate with the piping 39 and 38 and with'the respective ports '41 and' 42 of the casings. This construction, however, is

merely illustrative, as itmay be desirable to form each casing separately.

The stem of each valve 23-pin ct wardly through the cover ofathe' cylindrical casing'40 and is engaged by'a cam45 or by a cam actuated-mechanism, which is adapt- 'ed to. open the valve anddeliver mixture to 1 the combustion chamber. A coiled spring 7 46 is shown located within each casing 40 and is adapted to close the valve 23 at the proper time during the cycle of the apparatus and shut oflt' the flow of gas and air to the combustion chamber and confine the charge in the chamber. The cams 45 are diagrammatically shown, and it will be apparent that any suitable mechanism f or. actuating the valves 23 may be employed.

The cams 45 are shown as mounted on a cam shaft 47, whichis operated through suitable gearing by the shaft 31 of the gas turbine 15. Y 7

The apparatus is so arranged that charges 6f gas and air are successively delivered to the combustion chambers, and the charges so delivered are then initially compressed,

finally compressed, fired, expanded in three distinct teps and then blown out of the combustion chambers by theincoming charge of I .fresh mixture. Each step takes place successively in the series of chambers so that the chambers are fired, one at a time and in sucploy the distributing valve 17, which isrotatably mounted on ball bearings, in a casing 48,

outer periphery of the valve, and is driven .cession. In carrying out these steps, I emthrough suitable gearing by the shaft 31.

The valve is so arranged that the discharge ports of each combustion chamber is blocked off or closed during the firing period of the chamber. In addition to th s, the valve .is so. formed that the expansive. force, resulting from the explosion-in the chamber, is employed in finally compressing. the charge in another chamber. and then initially compressing the charge in still a second chamber of the series, after it has imparted energy to the gas turbine.

The valve is provided with a blank 51, which is' adapted to successively close-the discharge ports of the combustion chambers during the. rotation of the valve. A nozzle of the turbine. A passage 53 is formed in thevalve and is adapted to receive the gases delivered by the nozzle 52, after they have traversed the blades 29, and to re-direct them and deliver them, through one of the discharge ports, into one of the chambers of Lemmepressing the charge in that series. A nozzle with the delivery I. 54 is formed in the valve adjacent to the nozzle 52'and is adapted to successively register with the discharge ports and to discharge the fiow of gases resultin from the continued or secondary expansion in the combustion chambers, to the blades 29. A rovided in the valve is so 10-.

passage 55 cated that it receives the fluid discharged from the nozzle 54, after it has traversed the blades 29, and re-directing it, delivers 'it to one of the combustion chambers of the series for the urpose of initially compressing the charge in that chamber. A. nozzle 56 is provided in the valve adjacent to the nozzle 54 and is adapted to successively register ports of the combustion chambers and to discharge the fluid through the blades 29 and into an exhaustpassage 57 formed in the valve: The exhaust passage 57 may communicate with the atmosphere, if desired. vAn exhaust passage 58 is pro vided in the valve adjacent to the nozzle56 and is adapted to successively register with the dischargeports and to directly connect them with the exhaust, without causing the fluid, issuing through them, to traverse the blades 29 of the .wheel. The valve rotates in the direction of the arrowsin Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 and the turbine wheel 30 rotates in the oppoite direction.

In Figs. 0, 6,: 7 and 8 of the drawings,'I

. have illustrated successive positions of the valve 15 duringthe o eration of the apparatus. In these drawlngs, I have indicated the positions of the discharge ports 24, 25, 26 and 27, which communicate with the respective chambers 11, 12, 13 and 14 by means of broken line circles crosshatched' withbroken lines.

In Fig. 5 the valve 1'1 is in the position it will occupy during the firing period of the chamber 12. The blank 51 is shown covering the port 25 the passage 55 is shown in the osition for delivering the products )of com ustion from the combustion. chamber 11 into the combustion chamber 13, for the purpose of primarily compressing, the

charge in the-chamber 13; the passage 58 is shown in direct communication with the port 2'] and consequently with the chamber 14, and the passage 53 isblocked oil and is unopened. In this position of the valve 1.7,

the chamber 14 is receiving a fresh'charge and the inert gases, resulting from the previous combustion in the chamber, are being blown out into the exhaust by the incoming fresh charger The diagram in Fig. 10 corresponds to the location of the valveshown in Fig.5.

In Fig. 6, the'valve 17 is shown in the next. osition. The assage 53 is in the position for deliver'in the flow of gas, resulting from the initial expansion in the chamber 12, into the chamber 11, for-the purpose of finally compressing the charge in-that chamber; the passage 55 is blocked #ofi and is inoperative; the passage 58 is still i force of the expansion in the chamber 12 is initially compressing the charge. in the chamber 14, and the chamber 13 isbeing scavenged by the admission ofa fresh charge. The passages 53 and57 are blocked off and inoperative. 1 In Fig. 8, the valve 17is shown turned to the position in which the force of'the initial expansion in the chamber 11 is finally compressing the charge in the chamber 14, the final expansion in the chamber 12 is being discharged through the blades 29 tothe exhaust and the chamber13 is being finally scaven ed and charged. The passage 55 is blocke oil and inoperative.

During the operation of the apparatus, I fin'd it preferable to only partially scavenge the combustion chambers. I prefer to leave inert gas, resulting from the previous com bustion, in the tubes 28 communicating with the chamber. 'At the end of the scavenging and charging period, the valve 23, controlling the delivery of mixture to the chamber, is closed and the charge is initially compressed. This initial compression tends to force inert, but hot-gases, from the compress ing chamber into the tubes 28 communicating with the chamber, in which the charge is pression, hotter gases, existin pressure, are forced into the tu es communicating with the chamber under-going compress1on, and the line of division between the charge and the inert as in the chamber is raised, as the pressure in the chamber into be compressed. During the final comat a higher creases. T he.chambers are preferably made long inroportion to their diameters, so that mar ed Stratification will exist. Each chamber may be. fired by any suitable means.

In the drawings, I have illustrated an electric spark plug 61 of ordinary construction,

to which the delivery of current may be controlled by a timing device (not shown), which may be actuated by the operating mechanism of the "valves 23. i

As has been stated, the discharge ports, communicating with the combustion 'cham-. bars, are closed during the firing period;

consequently the explosion ineach chamber. will result in an expansion of the gases and a piling up of pressure. When the discharge port, communicating with the cham-'- ber fired, is opened, a flow of gas to the gas turbine will be induced by the hi h pressure.

It will be apparent, however, t at the gas are maintained in the chamber long enough to cool them considerably by expansion and to impart a portion of their sensible heat to the water in the receptacle 18. The are further cooled while assing throug the tubes 28 and are reduced in temperatureto such an extent before, being delivered to the blades 29 that they will not burn out or detrimentally affect the blades.

v In the drawin s, I have shown a governor 63, which is driven by the steam and gas turbines and is arranged to vary the position of the arms-44 of the mixing valves delivering mixture to the chambers 11, 12, 13 and 14.' The governor is shown diagrammatic and is connected by means of a diagrammatic arrangement of levers and bellcranks with. the arms 44. The mixing.

valves illustrated are adapted to control the quantity of mixture delivered to each chamber. It will be apparent, to those skilled in the art, that 'mlxmg valves may be employed, similar to those illustrated, which will vary the quantity and the ualit of the mixture delivered. I have a so s own a butter-fly valve 62 in the inlet port 37 of the compressor. purpose of varyin the quality of the mixture delivered by te compressor to the mix be directly connected to the shaft of the gas turbine and that the apparatus illustrated is merely illustrative and may be materially modified and varied without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

-Having thus described .my invention, what- I claim is:.

1. In "combination with a gas turbine,'

combustion chambers, means for deliverin a combustiblechargeto said chambers an means for causing the expansive force inonechamber to directly compress the charge a combustible" charge to said chambers an means for causing the expansive force in one chamber to compress e charge in another chamber after it has imparted energy to said turbine.

3. In combination with a gas turbine,

combustion chambers, means for deliverin acombustible charge to said chambers an means for controlling the delivery of the products of combustion from said chaimber' ases This valve is employed for the.

to said-turbine and for causing the expansive force resultin from the combustion in one chamber to irectly compress the charge in another -chamber.

4. In combination with a gas turbine, combustion chambers, means for delivering a combustion char e to said chambers, means .for causing-t e expansive. force resulting from the combustion in one chamber to directly compress the charge in another chamber and means for cooling the 'prod-. ucts o combustion prior to delivery to said turbine.

5. In combination with a gas turbine, combustion chambers, means for delivering a; combustible charge to said chambers, means for controlling the delivery of the products of combustion from said chamber to said turbine and for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustionin one chamber to directly compress the charge in another chamber and means for cooling the products ofcombustion prior to delivery to said turbine.

combustion chambers, means for delivering,

a combustible charge to said chambers and a distributing valve for controlling the delivery of the products of combustion from said chambers to said turbine and for conductin the gases from one chamber to another e amber for the purpose of com-pressing the charge.

combustion 'chambe means for periodically delivering combustible charges to sald chambers, a distributing valve for controlling the delivery of the products of combustion from sald chambers to said turbine and" for conducting the gases from one chamber to another of said chambers for the purpose of compressing the charge and 7. In 'combinatioij with a gas turbine,

means for cooling the products of combustion prior to delivery to said turbine and for conserving the heat energy derived therefrom.

8. In combination with a gas turbine a ture to the chambers of the series, means for successively firing the charges in said cham bers and means for employin the expansive force in one chamber of t e series for directly compressing the charge in another chamber. v 9. In combination .with agas turbine, a series of combustion chambers, means for successively. delivering combustible mixture to said'chambers, means for successively firingthe mixtures in the chambers and means for employing the expansive force of two of of the series.

10. In combination with a gas turbine, a

the chambers of the series in directly-comseries, of combustion chambers, means or successively deliverlng a combustlble mmseries of combustion chambers, means for successively delivering combustible mixture and means for delivering the products of combustion to the turbine and for employing the expansive force to two chambers of the series in directly compressing the explosive mixturein one chamber of the series after it has imparted energy to the tur-.

12. In combination with a gas turbine, a series of combustion chambers, means for delivering combustible mixtures to said chambers and means for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustion in one chamber to successively and directly compress \the charge in two of the other chambers of the series.

13. In combination with a gasturbine, a series of 'combustionchambers, means for delivering combustible mixtures to said chambers, and means for causing the expansive force resulting from thecombustion in one chamber to successively and directly compress the charge in two of the other chambers of the series after having imparted energy to the turbine.

14. In combination with a gas turbine a ser1es of combustlon chambers, means or delivering combustible mixture to said,

chambers, means for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustion inone chamber to successively'and directly comlpress the charge in two of the other chamers of the series and means for cooling the products of combustion and for conserving the heat energy derived therefrom priorrto delivery. to'the turbine.

15. In combination with a gas turbine, a series of combustion chambers, means for successively delivering combustible charges to said chambers, means for successively firing the charges in said chambers and means for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustion in said chambers to successively and directly compress the charges. in the successive chambers :of the series. a

16; In combination with a gas turbine a series of combustion chambers, means or successively delivering combustible charges to said chambers, means for successively firmg the'charges in said chambers and means for delivering the products of combustion from said chambers tosaid turbine and for successively compressing the charges in said chamber.

17. Incombination witlr'a gas turbine, a series of combustion chambers, means for 7 successively delivering combustible charges to said chambers, means for successively firing said chambers, means for delivering the products of combustion from said chambers to said turbine and for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustion in the successive chambers tosuccessively compress the charges in the chambers after it has im )arted energy to said turbine.

18. n combination with a gas turbine, 21 series of combustion chambers, means for successively delivering combustible charges to said chambers, means for causing the expansive force resulting from the combustion in each chamber to successively compress the 5 charges in two successive chambers of the series after having imparted energy to'thc turbine and means for cooling the products of combustion and'for conserving the heat energy derived therefrom. I

19. In combination witha gas turbine, a plurality of combustion chambers, means for delivering a combustible charge to each chamber and means for introducing the products of combustion from one chamber 95. into a second chamber for the purpose of compressing the charge contained in that chamber. I

20. In combination with a gas turbine, a plurality of combustion chambers, means for delivering a combustible charge to each chamber andmeans for delivering the prod uctsof combustion from said chambers to said turbine and means for introducing the products discharged from the, turbine into a -second chamber for thepurpose of com-' pressing the char e contained therein. i,

a 21, In combination with a gas turbine, a plurality of combustion chambers, means for delivering acombustible charge to each chamber and means for introducing the products of combustion. from one chamber into two other chambers for the purpose of compressing the charge in the other chambers. 1

' 22. In combination with a gas turbine, a series of combustion chambers, means for delivering a combustible charge to each chamber and means for delivering the prodnets of combustion from said chambers to said turbine and for introducing the prod: ucts of combustion discharged from the turbine into two of the chambers of said series for the purpose of compressing the charge contained therein.

. 23. In combination with a gas turbine, a series ofcombustion chambers, means for delivering a combustible char e to each 'chamber, means for delivering t e products turbine and forintroducing the products of combustion discharged from the turbine into two of the chambers of said series .for

the purpose of compressing the charge contained therein "and means for cooling the products of combustion prior to their admission to the turbine andfor conserving the heat energ derived therefrom. v

124. In combination with a gas turbine, a plurality. of water cooled combustion chambers,- means for delivering combustible charges to said chambers, cooling tubes commumcating with said chambers for delivering the roducts of' combustion to said turbine, an a valve for controlling the delivery from said chambers to said turbine and for re-directing the products of combustion from said turbine into said chambers for'the purpose of compressing the fresh charges contained therein, a j

25. In combination with a gas turbine, a serieS of water cooled combustion chambers, means for delivering combustible charges to said chambers, cooling tubes communicating with said chambers. for deliverin the 26. In combination, a plurality of combustion chambers and a gas'turbine comprising a rotatable wheel provided withxbuckets and a .distributin valve inclosing said wheel and provid said chambers.

v 27. In combination, a plurality of vcombustion chambers, a gas turbine comprlsmg a rotatable wheel provided with buckets and a. rotatable distributin valve inclosing said wheel and provided with gas deliverynozgas delivery pas-' sages for successively communicating Wltll zles for successively communicating with said chambers and gas discharge passages for receiving the gases discharged from said turbine and for re-directing them-into said. "chambers.

28. A gas turbine, comprising a wheel provided with buckets andarotatable casing provided'with fluid delivery nozzles for de livering gas to said buckets.

29. A gas turbine. comprising a. wheel provided with fluid delivery nozzles for depassages for receiving andre-directing gases discharged from said turbine.

In testimony whereof,' I have hereunto subscribed my name this 17th day of Sept, 1910.

livering gas to said buckets and discharge i t e ALEXANDERT. KAsLEY.

-Witnesses:u GJ W. MCGEEE,

E. W. MoCAnLIsH.

provided with buckets, a rotatable casing 

